Which practice enhances long-term retention by actively recalling information from memory?

Retrieval practice enhances long-term retention by strengthening memory through the act of actively recalling information. This technique involves testing oneself on material that has been previously learned, which has been shown to reinforce knowledge and make it more accessible in the future. Engaging in retrieval practice helps solidify connections in the brain associated with the information, leading to improved recall when needed.

The concept relies on the idea that the process of retrieving information—rather than just reviewing it—creates more robust memory traces. This is supported by research in cognitive psychology, which shows that learners who frequently practice retrieval are better able to remember information over time, compared to those who rely on passive review techniques.

In contrast, while spacing refers to distributing learning over time and has its benefits for retention, it does not specifically focus on the action of recalling information. Feedback provides information about performance but does not directly enhance retention through active recall. Desirable difficulty relates to making learning challenging in a way that promotes deeper understanding but does not emphasize the act of retrieval itself.