Which concept reflects how a behavior can be strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow it?

The concept that reflects how a behavior can be strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow it is operant conditioning. This theory, pioneered by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. When a behavior is followed by reinforcement, whether positive (adding a favorable outcome) or negative (removing an unfavorable outcome), that behavior is more likely to be repeated in the future. Conversely, if a behavior is followed by punishment, it is less likely to occur again.

Operant conditioning is integral to understanding behavior modification techniques, as it lays the groundwork for how and why certain behaviors can be altered through systematic approaches to reinforcement and consequences. In contrast, the other concepts listed focus on different aspects of learning and behavior. Cognitive dissonance relates to the discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes, behavior modification refers broadly to techniques used to change behavior but doesn't explicitly encapsulate the process of reinforcement or punishment, and constructive feedback involves providing information about performance but doesn't directly discuss the process of strengthening or weakening behavior through consequences.