What is the relationship between multitasking and cognitive performance?

Multitasking often impairs cognitive performance due to the limitations of our cognitive resources. When individuals attempt to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously, they can experience a decrease in the efficiency and effectiveness of their cognitive processes. This is primarily because the brain is not fully capable of processing several streams of information at once. Instead, what often happens is task-switching, where the brain continuously shifts focus from one task to another, leading to increased cognitive load and a greater potential for errors.

Research in cognitive psychology indicates that this constant switching can decrease attention span and increase the time it takes to complete tasks. It can also negatively impact learning and retention of information as the brain struggles to maintain focus and manage competing tasks. In environments where attention and cognitive processing are critical, such as in academic or high-stakes professional settings, the drawbacks of multitasking become particularly pronounced, ultimately leading to poorer performance outcomes.