What is the gap between what a learner can do independently and with guidance called?

The gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance is referred to as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). This concept, developed by psychologist Lev Vygotsky, emphasizes the potential for cognitive development that a learner can reach when supported by a more knowledgeable individual, whether that be a teacher, peer, or mentor.

When learners engage with tasks that are just beyond their current abilities—tasks they cannot yet complete alone but can manage with support—they are operating within their ZPD. This area is crucial for effective learning, as it highlights the importance of social interaction and collaborative learning in cognitive development. By identifying the ZPD, educators can tailor instruction to provide the right level of challenge and support, fostering skill acquisition and deeper understanding.

This understanding underscores the role of guided learning in educational settings, ensuring that students are not only challenged but also supported in their learning journeys. The concept contrasts with other terms such as scaffolding, which refers to the specific strategies used to assist learners within their ZPD, but does not define the gap itself.